英语委婉语词典?英语委婉语一般可分成两大类:传统委婉语(traditional euphemisms)和文体委婉语stylistic euphemisms。所谓传统委婉语亦称是与禁忌语密切相关的。象生、病、死、葬、性、*、拉、那么,英语委婉语词典?一起来了解一下吧。
http://wenku.baidu.com/view/2544e90c4a7302768e9939b1.html
《英语委婉语词典》作者: 刘纯豹 主编出 版 社: 商务印书馆
委婉语使用的范围十分广泛:
1、不管东方人还是西方人,大家都忌讳死,所以汉语和英语中都有大量关于死的委婉语。比如说汉语中的去世,走了,不在了,没了,老了,牺牲,光荣了等等,都委婉的表达了死的概念。英语中也有很多,比如:to pass away(去世), to go to a better world(到极乐世界去了), to go to heaven(上天堂了), to breathe one’s last(咽下了最后一口气), troubles be over (罪受完了),to be called to God(去见上帝)等等。
2、委婉语还可以用来表达人们不便直言的生理行为,如大小便等。英汉语中有许多关于厕所和去厕所大小便的委婉语。英语中有:power room(化妆室), rest room(休息室), men/men’s(男士/男士房间), women/ women’s(女士/女士房间), convenience(方便去处), to wash one’s hand(去洗手), to powder one’s nose(往鼻子上擦点粉), to spend a penny(去花一个便士), to answer the nature’s call(响应自然的召唤)。
《英语委婉语词典》刘纯豹主编 商务印书馆
< A DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH EUPHEMISMS >
很多时候为了避免尴尬、保持礼貌,我们会用委婉的说法描述一件事情。英语也是一样。学习委婉语(euphemi *** s),会让你在实际交往中显得更有礼貌,能避免很多误会喔!
下面是8个实用的委婉语用法:
1、passed away; did not make it 过世
你朋友出车祸了,你赶到医院看望他,问医生 “How is my friend?” 她说: “I’m sorry. He did not make it. / He passed away.” 意思就是,他没撑过去,他过世了。
2、little boys room; ladies’ room 洗手间
所以,别再说toilet啦!外国人其实不习惯这样说,因为总会给人不舒服的感觉。
如果你是男生,你可以问 Where is little boys room?
如果你是女生,你可以问 Where is ladies’ room?
3、mentally / physically challenged 精神障碍/ 肢体障碍
可能以前学到这方面的词,学校教的是 “disabled 残疾的,残障的”,但这样很伤人自尊。They are able to do many things, but they are just challenged by their condition. 所以,我们要用mentally / physically challenged 来描述对方。
在英语中,象生、死、如厕等话题直说很不文雅,这时我们可以用委婉的说法,下面是笔者收集的一些有关这些话题的说法。
1)being in love (恋爱)
assignation (本义)指定
to be gone on (本义)一去不返
to be shock up (本义)被震撼的
to be taken (本义)被吸引住
h2 (本义)hot and heavy
to have a crush on (本义)捣碎
meeting (本义)会面
to set one’s cap for (本义)指向某人
to set one’s sights at (本义)目光落在身上
to take a fancy to (本义)喜欢上
to walk out 出去溜达
to cut one’s eye at (本义)瞥一眼
the glad eye (本义)高兴的眼光
to look sweet on (本义)
to make eyes at (本义)对某人使眼色
wandering eye (本义)游荡的眼光
2) pregnancy (怀孕)
a hole out in one(本义)一击入洞(高尔夫术语)
an accident(本义)事故
anticipating(本义)期待的
awkward(本义)行动不便
to be caught(本义)被捉住
to be gone(本义)已过去了
to beget(本义)产生
break one’s ankle(本义)脚骨折了
clucky(本义)抱窝的
eating for two(本义)吃双份饭
expecting(本义)期待的
an expectant mother(本义)期待的母亲
to fall(本义)倒下了
far gone(本义)去日苦多
fragrant(本义)香喷喷的
full of heir(本义)怀有继承人
to have a hump in the front(本义)前身有块隆肉
to have one watermelon on the vine(本义)藤上有瓜了
to have one on the way (本义)有人要来
in a bad shape(本义)身体不佳
in a certain condition(本义)身处某种状态
in a delicate condition(本义)身体虚弱
in a (the) family way(本义)家常打扮
in a familiar way(本义)熟悉地
in a particular condition(本义)处于特殊状态
in an interesting condition(situation, state)(本义)处于有趣状态
in trouble(本义)惹上麻烦
infanticipating(本义)期望得子
irregularity(本义)不规则现象
knitting(本义)绒衣
to knock up(本义)敲门叫人
lady-in-waiting(本义)有所期待的女子
to learn all about diaper folding(本义)学叠尿布
a mother-to-be(本义)未来的母亲
on the nest(本义)在抱窝
p.g.(pregnant)怀孕的
preparing the bassinet(本义)准备摇篮
rattle shopping(本义)采购玩具
rehearing lullabies(本义)练唱催眠曲
to spoil a woman’s shape(本义)坏了女子体型
to sprain an ankle(本义)扭伤脚踝
to swallow a watermelon seed(本义)吞了棵西瓜子
that way(本义)那样
waiting for the patter of little feet(本义)等呆小脚牙声
to wear the apron high(本义)围裙系高
a waiting woman(本义)等呆中的妇女
with a baby window(本义)有个凸窗肚
with child(本义)怀孩子了
以上就是英语委婉语词典的全部内容,因此,他们害怕老,更害怕听见别人说他们老,于是,由此生出很多好听的委婉语:老年人被称为高级市民(senior citizens)、年长者(the elderly)、 the mature (成熟),用来指代老。